

        
                                                          <Page No.   1>
        ----------------------------------------------------------------
        
         ______________________________________________________________ 
        ||                                                            ||
        ||                       SAM76 LANGUAGE                       ||
        ||                                                            ||
        ||          General Description of the Hershey Fonts          ||
        ||                    Details of the files                    ||
        ||                                                            ||
        ||                                                            ||
        ||                                                            ||
        ||        Karl Nicholas, John Dale and Ancelme Roichel        ||
        ||                                                            ||
        ||                     Technical Note 10                      ||
        ||                                                            ||
        ||             Summer 1981 - Revised Summer 1986              ||
        ||                                                            ||
        ||                                                            ||
         ______________________________________________________________ 
        
        
        
        
        

        
        SAM76 Technical Note 10 - Hershey Fonts - 1986..<Page No.   H-2>
        ----------------------------------------------------------------
        
         ______________________________________________________________ 
        ||                                                            ||
        ||                     Notes and Notices                      ||
        ||                                                            ||
         ______________________________________________________________ 
        
        
        
        
        
        The  material contained in this technical note may be reproduced
        freely  for  non-commercial use providing that credit is clearly
        given  in such usage to SAM76 Inc., as well as to A. V. Hershey.
        Permission  for  commercial  use will be granted upon request. A
        courtesy  copy  of  any  material  which  uses any of the matter
        contained  in  this technical note should be sent to SAM76 Inc.,
        Box 257, RR1 Pennington, N.J., USA.
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
         ______________________________________________________________ 
        ||                                                            ||
        ||       Copyright 1984, SAM76 Inc., Pennington, N. J.        ||
        ||                                                            ||
         ______________________________________________________________ 
        

        
         Revision                                       <Page No.   H-3>
        ----------------------------------------------------------------
        
         ______________________________________________________________ 
        ||                                                            ||
        ||           SAM76 Technical Note 10 - Revised 1986           ||
        ||                                                            ||
         ______________________________________________________________ 
        
        
        
        1.      Background
        
        An  extensive  repertory  of digitized graphical character fonts
        was  developed by Dr. A. V. Hershey (retired) of the U. S. Naval
        Weapons  Laboratory  during  the  1950 to 1967 period. This data
        base  was  made  available  to  the  general  public through the
        National   Bureau   of   Standards  in  its  original  form  for
        manipulation   on  large  computer  systems  equipped  with  X-Y
        plotters.
        
        
        This  public  domain, and paid for by the taxpayer, data base is
        currently  in  wide  use  in  many software packages, frequently
        without  crediting  the  original author for his work. It may be
        found  in  FANCY  FONTS, SIGNMASTER, the Apple McIntosh, Hewlett
        Packard  systems,  Tektronix Systems, AT & T Image capture board
        systems to name but a few.
        
        
        The  original format was very unwieldy for use in micro computer
        systems, particularly because of the extremely large size of the
        data  base.  This  large  data  base was reorganized and greatly
        compressed  to  render its use practical in early memory limited
        microcomputer  systems.  The  data  base  is available on floppy
        diskettes  arranged  to run either under CP/M or MS/DOS systems.
        Manipulation of these data bases by using the SAM76 language, or
        if in ASCII format then by using FORTRAN, BASIC &c.
        
        
        Each  font file on the diskettes made available by SAM76 contain
        a  number  of  iindividual  records,  each  record  provides the
        description  of a graphical symbol - alpha numeric or pictorial.
        This  description  is  in  terms  of pairs of signed incremental
        integer vectors:
        
        
        deltaX1,deltaY1,deltaX2,deltaY2,.....deltaXn,deltaYn
        
        
        Additional  control  information  may  appear  in  these records
        prefixing the deltaX term. Typical of these are:
        
        
         ...,UdeltaX,deltaY,...         "PEN UP" (invisible vector)
         ...,WdeltaX,deltaY,...         Width left and right of center
        
        
        Compression  of  the  records  was  also achieved by eliminating
        vectors of zero length thus:
        
         ...deltaX,,deltaX1,deltaY1
        
        in  the  above prototype string there is a deltaY vector of zero
        length between the two adjacent commas.
        
        

        
        SAM76 Technical Note 10 - Revised 1986          <Page No.   H-4>
        ----------------------------------------------------------------
        
        
        Maintenance  of  the character descriptions in this mode renders
        the task of scaling and quadrant rotation very simple when it is
        desired  to  plot  them.  The  name  of  each record in an alpha
        numeric font is given the "HEX" equivalent of its USASCII or ISO
        code for the character being described.
        
        
        The  plot  function in the SAM76 language is "WS" and is defined
        to  generate  a  plot  of  the argument string that follows this
        command in a given expression thus:
        
          %ws,dx,dy,dx1,dy1,.....,dxN,dyN/=
        
        
        furthermore  the  SAM76  language permits nesting of expressions
        and so one may plot a record named "41" by:
        
          %ws,%41//=
        
        Recognizing that "41" is the hexadecimal equivalent of the upper
        case  "A" in the latin alphabet, one can then plot the character
        "A" using a nested "CX" - Character to X (HEX) conversion thus:
        
         %ws,%%cx,,A///=
        
        
        The reason for the double comma in the above expression is based
        on  the  actual  definition of the "CX" function (to be found in
        the SAM76 language manual).
        
        
        The  plot  of  a  character  which  it  is  desired  to  receive
        interactively from a keyboard is further achieved by the nesting
        of the "IC" - Input Character command thus:
        
          %ws,%%cx,,&ic////=
        
        
        If  it  is  desired  to  create a continuously looping procedure
        which  would  accept  input  from the keyboard, plot it and then
        repeat the process one would define such a procedure thus:
        
          %dt,draw,!%ws,%%cx,,&ic////%draw///=
        
        
        The process is then started by merely entering:
        
          %draw/=
        
        
        Scale  changes  are  accomplished  through  the  use of the "WS"
        function when an upper case "S" prefixes a pair of vectors which
        represent the desired new "INTEGER" scale multiplier desired for
        the deltaX and deltaY terms respectively thus:
        
          %ws,S2,3,dx1,dy1,dx2,dy2,..../=
        
        will  cause  the dx1, ... dxN to be multiplied by 2 and the dy1,
        ... dyN to be multiplied by 3.
        
        

        
        SAM76 Technical Note 10 - Revised 1986          <Page No.   H-5>
        ----------------------------------------------------------------
        
        
        Quadrant  rotation  is achieved through the use of the "PL,MQ,d"
        function  where  "d" is a number between 0 and 7, selecting thus
        one  out of eight quadrandts. (These are the four normal and the
        four mirror image quadrants).
        
          %pl,mq,1/=
        
        will cause all subsequent uses of the "WS" function to plot in a
        quadrant  rotated  90 degrees from the normal. Normal means that
        the  X=0  and Y=0 points are at the bottom left of the medium, X
        and Y increasing in a positive sense to the right and up.
        
         ______________________________________________________________ 
        ||                                                            ||
        ||                    DOT MATRIX plotting                     ||
        ||                                                            ||
         ______________________________________________________________ 
        
        
        
        The  foregoing  description  of  the plotting function using the
        SAM76  language  would  appear  to  be  limited to typical X - Y
        plotting  equipment,  and  in  fact  superior  resolution can be
        achieved  with such a configuration using plotter capable of 200
        increments per inch or better.
        
        
        Dot  matrix  plotting is based on the visualization of a digital
        medium  which  has  a  horizontal and vertical resolution of one
        bit. This bit may be a "pixel" or may be a "blob" as in the case
        of of early graphics screens (eg: TRS80 model 1). The SAM76 plot
        function  drivers  are arranged so that a "pixel" or a "blob" is
        turned on when traversed by a drawn line.
        
        
        Software  drivers  that  interface the SAM76 plot functi/n a???????>8 	?> #?>&""  > 81>0  >8'>  >8!>8882!???????>8'> > !>>88 >>!>  ???????????????????????>@0!>!> >>   8 '> >9>&8	>0  >>> 2!>???????>08 !?>9?>  ?> #?>!?>0  ?> ?>8&&	,-3,U-9,1,2,1,2,,5,-2,2,,1,1,1,2,U2,-12    36W-10,11,U17,9,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,,1,-1,2,-2,1,-3,,-3,-1,-2,-2,-2,-3,-1,-3,-1,-4,,-4,1,-2,1,-1,2,-1,3,,3,1,2,2,1,2,,3,-1,2,-1,1,-2,1,-3,,-2,-1,-2,-2,-1,-2,U8,14,-2,-1,-2,-2,-2,-3,-1,-3,-1,-4,,-5,1,-2,U5,-1,2,1,2,2,1,2,,4,-1,2,U7,-2    35W-10,11,U9,12,-5,-10,U5,10,10,,U-10,-1,5,,5,1,U-15,-10,1,1,3,1,3,,3,-1,1,-1,1,-2,,-3,-1,-3,-2,-2,-3,-1,-3,,-3,1,-1,1,-1,2,,1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,U8,9,2,-1,1,-1,1,-2,,-3,-1,-3,-2,-2,-2,-1,U11,9    C34W-10,11,U16,11,-6,-20,U7,21,-6,-21,U6,21,-15,-15,16,,U3,3   9 33W-10,11,U7,8,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,,1,1,2,1,1,3,1,3,,3,-1,1,-2,,-2,-1,-2,-3,-2,-3,-1,U3,10,2,-1,1,-2,,-2,-1,-2,-2,-2,U-5,-1,2,,3,-1,1,-1,1,-2,,-3,-1,-2,-1,-1,-3,-1,-4,,-3,1,-1,1,-1,2,,1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,U8,7,2,-1,1,-1,1,-2,,-3,-1,-2,-1,-1,-2,-1,U10,9    32W-10,11,U7,8,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,,1,1,2,1,1,3,1,3,,3,-1,1,-2,,-2,-1,-2,-2,-2,-3,-2,-4,-2,-3,-2,-2,-2,-2,-4,U13,21,2,-1,1,-2,,-2,-1,-2,-2,-2,-6,-4,U-6,-6,1,1,2,,5,-2,3,,2,1,1,2,U-11,-1,5,-3,3,,2,1,1,3,U5,5    [31W-10,11,U12,8,-5,-17,U7,21,-6,-21,U6,21,-3,-3,-3,-2,-2,-1,U7,3,-4,-2,-3,-1,U15,-6   Q 30W-10,11,U12,12,-3,-1,-2,-2,-2,-3,-1,-3,-1,-4,,-3,1,-3,1,-1,2,-1,2,,3,1,2,2,2,3,1,3,1,4,,3,-1,3,-1,1,-2,1,-2,,-2,-1,-2,-2,-2,-3,-1,-3,-1,-4,,-3,1,-3,2,-2,U2,,2,1,2,2,2,3,1,3,1,4,,3,-1,3,-2,2,U7,-12    .2EW-5,6,U3,-7,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1,1,U8,7   $ 2DW-13,13,U4,,18,,U4,0    :2CW-5,6,U3,-9,-1,1,1,1,1,-1,,-1,-1,-2,-2,-2,U10,13   0 +2BW-13,13,U13,9,,-18,U-9,9,18,,U4,0   ! 92AW-8,9,U10,12,,-12,U-5,9,10,-6,U,6,-10,-6,U12,-3   /	26W-13,13,U23,4,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,,1,-1,1,-1,,-2,-1,-2,-2,-5,-8,-2,-2,-2,-1,-3,,-3,1,-1,2,,2,1,2,1,1,2,1,5,2,2,1,2,2,1,2,,2,-1,2,-2,1,-2,-1,-1,-2,,-3,1,-6,1,-3,2,-3,2,-2,2,-1,2,,1,2,,1,U-15,-3,-2,1,-1,2,,2,1,2,1,1,6,3,U-1,4,1,-5,1,-3,2,-3,2,-2,2,-1,2,,1,1,U5,7    a21W-5,6,U8,12,-1,-1,-2,-12,U3,12,-3,-12,U3,13,1,-1,-4,-12,U-2,-6,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1,1,U8,7   W 20W-8,8,U16,   
,U12,17,2,1,3,3,2,-1,2,,1,1,U-6,-1,2,-1,2,,U-5,,2,-1,2,,2,1,1,2,U-5,-3,,-14,U5,5  q{45W-11,11,U2,10,2,2,2,,2,-1,2,1,U-5,-1,2,,U-5,-1,2,1,2,-1,2,,2,2,U-3,-5,-1,-1,-1,-2,,-1,-2,,-1,-1,,-2,1,1,2,,,-6,U1,10,,-8,U-3,5,3,,U1,5,,-9,-1,-2,-1,-1,U5,10,1,3,1,2,1,1,2,1,2,,3,-1,U-7,-1,2,1,2,,2,-1,U-8,-2,1,1,2,1,2,,2,-1,2,2,U-10,-14,2,5,1,1,2,,2,-1,U-4,,2,,1,-1,U-4,,2,,1,-1,2,2,U-13,-11,3,2,4,1,5,,4,-1,U-14,-1,3,1,7,,3,-1,U-15,-1,4,1,7,,3,-1,2,2,U-10,12,,-11,U12,6  q644W-11,12,U2,12,14,,2,-1,1,-2,,-15,U-15,17,12,,2,-2,,-14,U-16,17,1,-1,2,-1,11,,1,-1,,-15,U-9,13,-1,-1,-1,-2,,-1,-2,,-1,-1,,-2,1,1,2,,,-5,U1,9,,-7,U-3,4,3,,U1,5,,-8,-1,-2,-1,-1,U-4,-5,3,2,3,1,4,,3,-1,U-11,-1,3,1,5,,2,-1,U-12,-1,4,1,5,,2,-1,2,2,2,1,2,,U-8,16,,-16,U,11,2,-1,2,,2,1,U-6,-6,2,1,2,,2,-1,U6,1  ,:43W-13,11,U9,11,-2,-1,-2,-2,-1,-2,-1,-3,,-4,1,-3,1,-2,3,-2,3,-1,3,,3,1,2,1,2,2,1,2,U-17,10,-1,-3,,-5,2,-4,3,-2,3,-1,3,,3,1,U-9,18,-2,-2,-1,-2,-1,-3,,-4,1,-3,3,-3,3,-1,3,,3,1,2,1,2,2,U-11,11,,-12,U1,12,,-10,U1,11,,-10,-1,-2,-1,-1,U,12,2,1,3,3,2,-1,2,,1,1,U-6,-1,2,-1,2,,U-5,,2,-1,2,,2,1,1,2,U-3,-3,,-15,U6,6  042W-12,12,U2,10,2,2,3,,2,-1,2,1,U-6,-1,3,,U-6,-1,2,1,2,-1,3,,2,2,U-4,-5,-1,-1,-1,-2,,-1,-2,,-1,-1,,-2,1,1,2,,,-6,U1,10,,-8,U-3,5,3,,U1,5,,-9,-1,-2,-1,-1,U7,14,-1,-1,-1,-2,,-9,U1,10,,-8,U1,10,-1,-11,-1,-1,U2,12,6,3,2,-1,1,-2,,-2,-2,-2,-4,-2,U3,8,2,-2,,-2,U-4,4,2,-1,1,-1,,-3,-2,-2,U,,3,-2,1,-2,,-6,U-2,8,1,-2,,-5,U-3,9,1,-1,1,-2,,-7,U-15,-3,3,2,3,1,4,,3,-1,U-11,-1,3,1,5,,2,-1,U-12,-1,4,1,5,,2,-1,2,2,2,1,2,,U-6,9,,-9,U,6,4,,U-4,-3,4,,U5,3  41W-11,11,U5,9,2,2,2,1,2,,1,-1,7,-16,1,-1,2,,U-12,17,1,-1,7,-16,1,-2,1,1,-2,1,U-11,17,2,,1,-1,7,-16,1,-2,1,-1,1,,2,3,U-17,11,1,1,2,1,1,,1,-1,U-1,,,-1,U-3,1,2,,1,-2,U-9,-13,2,2,2,1,3,,2,-1,U-6,,4,,1,-1,U-8,-1,3,1,3,,1,-1,2,2,U2,15,-6,-14,U2,5,8,,U7,1   ,15,-1,-2,-1,-3,,-5,1,-4,2,-3,3,-1,U-2,20,-1,-1,-1,-2,-1,-4,,-4,1,-4,1,-2,2,-2,3,-1,3,,3,1,3,2,U-6,17,-3,-2,-1,-1,-1,-2,,-1,1,-2,3,-2,1,-2,,-2,U-4,9,,-1,4,-4,,-1,U-4,8,,-1,1,-2,3,-2,1,-2,,-2,-1,-2,-2,-1,-1,,-2,1,-1,2,U6,12,1,-1,2,-1,2,,U-5,1,1,-1,1,,U-3,1,2,-2,2,,2,1,1,1,U3,-11  k42W-13,13,U2,1,,-1,1,-1,2,,2,1,,3,-1,2,-2,3,,2,2,2,U,-9,-2,4,U1,-8,1,1,,2,-2,3,-1,2,,2,1,2,2,1,3,,2,-1,1,-1,1,-2,-1,-11,-2,-2,U1,15,1,-2,,-10,U-3,14,1,-1,1,-3,,-11,-1,-2,U3,14,1,2,2,1,2,,2,-1,1,-1,1,-2,1,-1,U-3,3,1,-2,U-3,4,1,-1,1,-3,1,-1,2,,U,,-10,-5,U7,3,2,-2,1,-3,,-3,-1,-3,-2,-2,-3,-1,-3,,-3,1,-6,3,-1,,-1,-1,U16,10,1,,2,-2,U-5,2,3,-1,2,-2,1,-2,U-8,-7,-2,,-6,3,-1,,U15,-2,-2,-1,-3,,-3,1,-4,2,-3,1,-2,,-1,-2,,-2,1,-1,1,1,-1,1,U22,7  *41W-12,12,U3,10,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,2,2,1,2,,2,-1,1,-1,1,-3,,-4,-1,-3,-2,-2,-2,-1,-3,-1,U6,14,1,-3,,-5,-1,-2,U-2,12,1,-1,1,-3,,-6,-1,-3,-2,-2,U,-1,3,-3,U-4,3,4,-4,U-6,4,5,-5,7,5,U7,15,-1,-1,1,,,1,-1,1,-2,,-2,-1,-1,-1,-1,-2,,-15,2,-2,4,4,U-4,15,-1,-2,,-14,2,-2,U1,20,-1,-1,-1,-3,,-13,2,-2,U5,7   &7h&>u6j " Ph&+P^&7>k  ~(h&6Lh&6@P^&7

Qh&&tIh& h&R*Ph&6Lh&6TOtVdP^&7
 h^F&h&Ft**P^&h&RPh&6Lh&6p0N P^&h&R*Ph&6Lh&6P^&7
^&h&tP^&7
^&h&tP^&7
^&h&tP^&7
> Ph&HPh&66j6jPh&6

^]U)؋V0| +F9 +Ft-0 ]ːa|f
-W ]˃A|F
-7 ]˸])j  kHjAuPkj9j|Hjk9j~k
k ˸ː)j  kHjuP >j ~j
k9j}
k)
k ːː)ظP| j  j9kk)j
k9j}k)
k ˸ː)ظP: j  kkj9j|)jk9j~
k ˸ːUWV)؃~t)& .k;k~k
k9j|;j}"Ù+kI#j+ȉ
k}
k  k+
k;}k+ã
k
k;k~
kHk

kKk>
k+&96 ~I9>k~C+PVh&66j6jWh&6&6 
>kFh&96 h&96 ~7+PVh&6Ph&6
Fh&96 Ƀ~ },+Pj+
k>jɀЃ@Ph&6~u/6j6j>j%0 #jPh&6&6? 
~u.+PP>j%0 #jPh&6&6 
^_]ːUDWV)؋~
~WPh^F&7
>j u V;} +M@F; +Ft5@ ~FG&F< r* Q^&7Nu+~FG&FF
;Fu +P^&72~ rN* Q^&7F@|+P^&72V;} +MF; +FtsFVVFċVF F&*FF&&FF&FF& GFNuFF& F& F +~F
;Fu_~ t5+PF&*P P*P
P^&7
EF&*P+P*P PɎF&*P&P^&7
F}n,P^&7
+~F&F< rBBF|F FP.P^&7

^_]ːUWV)؎h& h&R*Ph& Ph&P1P9

+9>k1WUP9
>j tH+~h&&$F< s*
t  F*P]P9
F@| h&&G*F&F&GP&GP&G
P&GP&GP&G
P&G	P&GP&GP&GP&GP&GP&GP&GPvv5j"QP9
$+~h&& F< r
<wBB.F|F FP`P9
cP9
>k;>k}eP9
^_]UhWV)ػ.h^F&G&t "h^F&7\
 P P^&7hP^&7
P@ PFP^&7f-A +P P^&7~<PFP85^&&W&u*j"QPP}^&7^&7h& h&R*Ph& Ph&PP^&w&7T5+9>kWP^&w&7T5
>j t\~+h&ދ~&$F< s*
t  F*WP^&w&7T5
F@|~ h&&G*F&Fv&&TNV&O*Q&OQ&O
Q&OQ&OQ&O
Q&O	Q&OQ&OQ&OQ&OQ&OQ&OQ&G*Pvvj"QPRvT5(+~h&& F< r
<wBB.F|F FPP^&w&7T5P^&w&7T5>k;>k}P^&w&7T5^_]UWV)ػ h^F&h&Ftk N k+h&&k+)FN)FNh&60^&P  ^& h&62^&h&*Ph&RPh& Ph&Ph&6L^&Ph&6&6pu	^&t<^&PX@t$h&6 ^&PP F}B~^&Úh^F& h&@t^&h^F&t&5t^&h&Pu^&@t^&h&+^_]UV)k  +)FN)FNh&60^&P  ^& h&62h&6L^&Ph&6&6o
u	^&t4^&PX|!h&6 ^&PP F}q+^]UWV)+h^F&9?~p )FN&7^&7]
|^&7h&`t;G^&9?0h&>uh& ^&7]
h& ^_]ːUWV)+h^F&9?~p )FN&7^&7]
|^&7h&`t;G^&9?0h&>uh& ^&7]
h& ^_]ːUV)+)FNh&60^&P  h& h&62h& h&% Ph&*Ph&RPh& Ph&Ph&6L^&Ph&6&6uE)&u8&tp^&P|Sh&6 ^&PP ++^&PX@t$h&6 ^&PP F}^]ː+^]U&WV)F  h&&t &6&65h+&& P P+PPb
u+	 P(FVuPh&6
͸ P P+PPvvh&Q}vv5	h+&&h& ^&?u F&?u +FuF ,+F~ s +Ft~tF  "F~}v& F&8~v 뽐F~| ^&Gȸ n؁  h^F&9u^&G
^&8Gu^&G^&9Gu^&G^&8Gu^&G^&9Gu&G^&9Gu^&G
^&8Gtp^&G^&9Gt]^&G
^&9GtJ^&G^&9Gt7&G^&9Gt'Ìh&&h&&u +^F&u +Fu&Gh&F&G
h&F&Gh&F&Gh&F&Gh&F&Gh&F&Gh&F&Gh&F&Gh&F&Gh&F&Gh&$)&&FN&>uP&PPvv5)h&&h&> u  "QP)Ph&&t-v PFV RP)QP5
h& h&&u_ع <v3tu?^&P u4h&&) PvS)QP5
h& h&&t= P&&G@P+PPvvh&QtYh+&&h&&t P P+PPvvh&Qt)h+&&8^&u&uF vvlh&&F &&twh& F   +Fu  Pvvv{u  Pvvvvvh&PF}Qt ^&u +F&u +&и nh^v&8
 u +#ÅFt=F   h&&!h&&t vv5RF~}Ӹ n  !h&&VR^SvV&E&E&EP Oh+&&~	 hF&> t h&> uh&&t
vv5h&&g*P5h&&&u^ "QP@Pb~uK P F}(h&6&65h+&&tuF h&&v'~u! PF|tQuF~ uV "QPNPh&>   t
YP9
h&6&65h+&&~~t P(FVu}Ph&6
QF   t4 English Character
        Dictionary",  Charles  E.  Tuttle  Company;  Publishers, Rutland
        Vermont and Tokyo Japan.
        

        
        The Hershey Font Files                          <Page No.  H-10>
        ----------------------------------------------------------------
        
        
               <Page No.  H-10>
        ------------------------